Journal of Prosthodontics News
The Effect of Different Surface Treatments on the Bond Strength to Zirconia
Now online in the Journal of Prosthodontics, a study on the effect of various surface treatment methods on bond strength of zirconia, co-authored by ACP members, Kushaldeep FNU, BDS, MDS, CAGS, MS, FACP, Leen Musharbash, DDS, MS, FACP, Eva Anadioti, DDS, MSc, FACP, and Markus B. Blatz, DMD, PhD.
One of the advantages of high-strength ceramics like zirconia is that they do not require resin bonding when used for full-coverage restorations with adequate retention. However, when retention is lacking or when zirconia is used for resin-bonded restorations, proper adhesion and high bond strength become critical.
To evaluate the effect of different surface treatments, 100 sintered zirconium dioxide ceramic disks were divided into five groups: no surface treatment (Group C), air-particle abraded with 50 µm aluminum oxide (Group AA), air-particle abraded with glass beads (Group GB), Zircos E etching solution for 2 h (Group ZE), and 48% hydrofluoric acid solution heated at 25°C for 30 min (Group HE). Cylindrical composite resin specimens were bonded to the zirconia samples with resin cement.
Each group was divided into two subgroups, and shear bond strength (SBS) was tested at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min after storage in distilled water for 24 h at 37°C or after 10,000 thermocycles. The fractured surfaces of specimens were inspected with a stereo microscope, and failure modes were classified as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed failures.
All four surface treatment methods improved the bonding effectiveness and were significantly different from each other and the control group (no surface treatment). APA with alumina and heated 48% hydrofluoric acid provide higher bond strengths than the other surface treatments tested. However, 48% hydrofluoric acid is not recommended for use in a regular private practice environment and may not be viewed as a true alternative to APA.
FNU K, Musharbash L, Ozer F, Mante F, Conejo J, Upadhyaya V, et al. The effect of different surface treatments on the bond strength to zirconia. J Prosthodont. 2025; 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.14068
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